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The role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and its indications in stage I Norwood palliation are controversial. The decision to initiate ECMO and its timing remains difficult with no definitive cut?off points or evidence?based guidelines. It varies on a case?to?case basis. We report a case where the use of ECMO was beneficial after stage I Norwood palliation with severe ventricular dysfunction. The systemic?to?pulmonary artery shunt was kept open to balance the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Cerebral oximetry can be useful as an additional monitoring modality to guide management, monitor cerebral perfusion, and help detect cerebral steal.
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El monitoreo del contenido de humedad en el suelo es especialmente importante, ya que proporciona información relevante para tomar decisiones acertadas, en cuanto a riego, fertirriego y manejo del estrés hídrico. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo validar un modelo de estimación del contenido de agua en el suelo, mediante espectroscopía de reflectancia difusa en el rango del infrarrojo cercano. Los suelos evaluados provienen de los municipios de Puerto Gaitán (Meta), Espinal (Tolima) y Mosquera (Cundinamarca). En los dos primeros se establecieron redes rígidas, para seleccionar los puntos de muestreo y empleando dos profundidades en cada caso (0-10 y 10-30; 0-10 y 10-25 cm, respectivamente). Para el tercero, se describieron 77 calicatas y se tomaron muestras a 0-10 y 10-35 cm de profundidad. Posteriormente, se evaluó el contenido de humedad considerando 0, 15 y 30 % de humedad. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con estadística descriptiva. Se empleó la validación cruzada y externa para cada modelo y se obtuvo un modelo general, a partir de los datos de los tres sitios. Los modelos obtenidos para cada sitio de muestreo y el modelo general tienen buena capacidad predictiva. Según los resultados, se afirma que la espectroscopía de reflectancia difusa NIR es una excelente opción para determinar el contenido de agua en el suelo. De igual manera, a partir del análisis de componentes principales, se identificó una diferenciación entre contenidos de agua de los suelos estudiados.
Monitoring soil moisture content is especially important as it provides relevant information for making informed decisions regarding irrigation, fertigation, and water stress management. This study aims to validate a model for estimating soil water content using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy in the near-infrared range. The evaluated soils come from the municipalities of Puerto Gaitán (Meta), Espinal (Tolima), and Mosquera (Cundinamarca). In the first two municipalities, rigid networks were established to select sampling points, with two depths considered for each case (0-10 and 10-30 cm; 0-10 and 10-25 cm, respectively). For the third municipality, 77 soil pits were described, and samples were taken at depths of 0-10 and 10-35 cm. Subsequently, moisture content was evaluated at 0, 15, and 30 % moisture levels. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Cross-validation and external validation were applied to each model, and a general model was developed based on the data from all three sites. The obtained models for each sampling site and the general model demonstrated good predictive capacity. Based on the results, it is affirmed that near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is an excellent option for determining soil water content. Similarly, principal component analysis identified differentiation between water contents of the studied soils.
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Objective To establish a near infrared (NIR) quantitative model for the dissolution behavior of aripiprazole tablets. Methods The NIR spectra of aripiprazole tablets were collected and the dissolution tests were performed to determine the dissolution of each tablet at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 30 min. The near infrared spectra regions of 4 000.00-4 396.90, 5 326.43-12 000.00 cm−1 were pretreated by Savitzky-Golay smoothing filter, and the dissolution behavior model was established by partial least squares method. Results The root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) at different time points were analyzed. RMSEP was lower than 8%. The calibration correlation coefficient (RC) and the prediction correlation coefficient (RP) at different time points were above 0.95 (except for the point of 6 min). There was a good correlation between the NIR spectrum and the dissolution at each time point. Conclusion NIR spectroscopy could predict the dissolution behavior of aripiprazole tablets, which lays a foundation for online quality monitoring of tablets by NIR spectroscopy.
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The visual signal generated by the eye receiving external light stimulation reaches the visual center through the visual pathway and is processed and integrated by the visual center to form a subjective sensation called cerebral vision.Cerebral vision reflects the function of the whole visual nervous system from the retina to the visual cortex.Abnormal cerebral vision has been found in myopes using electrophysiology, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The abnormal electrophysiological results are mainly found in patients with high myopia and pathological myopia.MRI shows abnormal changes in the structure and function of several vision-related brain regions in patients with high myopia.Recently, by applying near-infrared brain function imaging technology combined with self-developed equipment, our team conducted a series of studies on the brain function of myopic patients and found that adult patients with moderate myopia and patients with pathological myopia have the abnormal cerebral vision.The mechanism of neural regulation of eye accommodation in myopic children needs further investigation.In this article, we reviewed the current status and outlook of myopic brain vision research in terms of myopia classification, myopic brain vision research methods, and myopic visual electrophysiology, MRI, and fNIRS studies.
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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common and serious acute intestinal necrotizing disease in newborns, especially in preterm infants.Infants with smaller gestational age are more prone to NEC.NEC-related mortality reaches up to 20%-30%, and 25% of the survivors suffer from serious sequelae such as the short bowel syndrome, growth restriction and long-lasting neurological dysplasia.Due to the atypical symptoms, early diagnosis of NEC is difficult, and the patient′s condition has already been serious at the time of diagnosis in general.Ultrasound and abdominal X-ray are traditional tools for the diagnosis of NEC.Serum, urine and fecal biomarkers have been gradually applied to clinical practice in recent years.Through integrating traditional tests with biological markers and optimizing the clinical decision-making system for NEC, precise clinical diagnosis and individualized treatment can be achieved.
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Objective:To evaluate the excitation and identification of parathyroid autofluorescence in thyroid surgery by a fluorescence laparoscopic system.Methods:The clinical data of 6 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma who underwent Laparoscopic thyroid surgery at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Mar. 2022 to Apr. 2022 were collected. The autofluorescence of the parathyroid glands was detected and identified by the OptoMedic fluorescence laparoscopic system during the operation. A rapid frozen sections pathological examination of possible parathyroid tissue with autofluorescence was performed to determine whether it was parathyroid tissue.Results:Parathyroid autofluorescence with different intensities was visualized intraoperatively in all 6 patients, and it was confirmed as parathyroid tissue by rapid frozen pathological section.Conclusions:The parathyroid gland has a unique autofluorescence feature. Using this feature to identify, locate and protect the parathyroid gland during surgery can help reduce the complications of parathyroid injury.
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Near-infrared fluorescence imaging (NIRFI) is a new noninvasive detection and diagnosis technology, with the continuous development of NIRFI technology, now widely used in the clinic, characterized by high sensitivity, high penetration, no harmful radiation and simple equipment operation. This article describes the recent applications of NIRFI in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and looks at future developments and perspectives in this field.
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Objective:To explore the effects of game addiction disorders on brain cognitive control functions based on near-infrared spectroscopy.Methods:Thirteen subjects were screened according to the Online Game Addiction (OGA) Scale. The experimental paradigm was the stop-signal task. The relative concentration levels of oxyhemoglobin (HbO 2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) in the prefrontal region of the brain during cognitive activity were collected using near-infrared spectroscopy to assess the cognitive control function of the subjects. Results:The game-addicted patients had lower keystroke accuracy in the stop-signal task than healthy subjects, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared to healthy subjects, game-addicted patients had less activation in prefrontal areas and showed uncontrolled behavior and brain activity. Conclusions:Game addiction disorders impair brain cognitive control, which in turn triggers a weakening of cognitive control. The results of this study provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of game addiction.
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BackgroundFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy （fNIRS） is a new generation of imaging tool that can be used to assist the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. However， whether the patterns of prefrontal cortex activation observed by fNIRS are specific for different psychiatric disorders remains to be explored. ObjectiveTo investigate the characteristics of prefrontal cortex activation in patients with depression， anxiety disorder， bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in verbal fluency task （VFT） using fNIRS. MethodsFrom September to December 2021， 39 patients with schizophrenia， 205 patients with depressive disorder， 212 patients with anxiety disorder and 77 patients with bipolar disorder meeting the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） were recruited in the outpatient and inpatient department of West China Hospital， Sichuan University. fNIRS was used to monitor the prefrontal cortex hemodynamic changes of patients under VFT， and the clinical symptoms of patients were assessed by Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90） and Hypomania Checklist-32 items（HCL-32）. Differences in mean oxyhemoglobin （HbO2） concentration and the initial slope from 2 to 7 second during VFT were compared among patients with different diseases， and the correlation between mean HbO2 concentration/initial slope and clinical symptoms was analyzed by partial correlation analysis. ResultsThe concentration of HbO2 in channel 4 （Z=2.828， P=0.028） and channel 6 （Z=2.912， P=0.022） in patients with depression were significantly higher than those in patients with schizophrenia. Patients with anxiety had significantly higher changes in mean HbO2 concentration in channel 4 （Z=3.154， P=0.010）， channel 5 （Z=3.021， P=0.015）， channel 6 （Z=2.980， P=0.017） and of all channels （Z=2.881， P=0.024） than those of schizophrenia patients. There was a statistically significant difference in the initial slope of channel 3 between patients with depressive disorder and those with bipolar disorder （Z=2.691， P=0.039）. Among patients with bipolar disorder， the anger-hostility scores of SCL-90 were negatively correlated with the mean HbO2 concentration changes in channel 4 （r=-0.505， P=0.004）， channel 6 （r=-0.390， P=0.004）， channel 15 （r=-0.546， P=0.002）， channel 16 （r=-0.550， P=0.002） and the mean HbO2 concentration changes of all channels （r=-0.491， P=0.006）. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia had lower activation in frontopolar and orbitofrontal region than patients with depression and anxiety disorder， and the initial slope of the right frontopolar， inferior frontal and orbitofrontal region in patients with depression is higher than patients with bipolar disorder. In addition， patients with bipolar disorder had less activation in the frontopolar and orbitofrontal lobe， the insular cover of Broca's area and the upper outer frontal cortex， and were more irritable and hostile. ［Funded by 1·3·5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence-Clinical Research Incubation Project， West China Hospital， Sichuan University （number， ZYJC21083）］
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Objective: The placebo effect can enhance the response to treatment, even in the absence of pharmacological ingredients. One possible factor explaining the likelihood of the placebo effect in individuals is genetic polymorphisms in neurotransmitters. This study focused on gene polymorphisms in the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) as an interindividual variable of the placebo effect.Design・Methods: All 120 participants were explained the effects of caffeine, including its ability to ameliorate drowsiness and increase concentration, and then given a placebo (lactose). The onset of the placebo effect was measured in terms of the degree of caffeine-reduced sleepiness using subjective indices of the Stanford Sleepiness Scale (SSS) and a feeling of drowsiness-Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The mechanism of the placebo effect was objectively examined in terms of changes in cerebral blood flow in the prefrontal cortex of the brain. In addition, we investigated participants’ susceptibility to the placebo effect by examining genetic polymorphisms in COMT.Results: After taking the drug, sleepiness on the SSS and VAS was significantly improved (p＜0.001), although there was no change in prefrontal cortex activity. Among the 120 participants, 63 had a Val/Val-type polymorphism in COMT (52.5%), 45 had a Val/Met-type (37.5%), and 12 had a Met/Met-type (10.0%). There were no significant differences among COMT gene polymorphisms in the subjective measures of SSS and VAS. However, there was a tendency for the cerebral blood flow changes to be larger in the left hemisphere of the brain in individuals with the Met/Met type.Conclusion: There seems to be a relationship between prefrontal cortex activity and genetic polymorphisms. In particular, there may be a correlation between the expression of a placebo effect and COMT gene polymorphisms.
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ObjectiveTo study the brain network during balance control tasks in older adults. MethodsFrom January to April, 2022, 22 healthy young adults and 20 healthy older adults were recruited from the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University and communities. They were asked to finish standing tasks on the plantar pressure plate with eyes opening and closing, while the functional connectivities (FC) of prefrontal cortex (PFC) and primary motor cortex (PMC) were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. ResultsCompared with the young adults, the area of the ellipse (Z = -2.884, P < 0.01) and the maximum swing (Z = -2.481, P < 0.05) increased in the older adults as eyes closing. During the standing task, the intra-FC of left (t = 2.978, P < 0.01) and right (Z = -3.123, P < 0.01) PFC decreased in the older adults, and the inter-FC of right PMC to left PFC (t = 2.087, P < 0.05) and right PFC to left PFC (t = 3.471, P < 0.001) decreased, too. ConclusionThe FC of PFC decreased in healthy older adults during balance control tasks, which may be a indicator for aging brain.
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Objective @# To investigate the application of indocyanine green in near-infrared fluorescence imaging to determine the scope of necrotic bone resection in osteoradionecrosis of the jaw and to provide a reference for clinicians@*Methods @#Eight patients with osteoradionecrosis of the jaws were enrolled. Indocyanine green was intravenously injected through the elbow vein 10 minutes before osteotomy. After conservative resection of necrotic bone lesions based on imaging results, the scope of potential dead bone resection in the area of low fluorescence intensity was gradually expanded at an initial distance of 0.3 cm. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging and fluorescence intensity determination of bone cross-section were performed before and after extended resection. Statistical differences were analyzed. All patients with osteonecrosis underwent regular follow-up to evaluate the postoperative efficacy@*Results@#Indocyanine green was injected into all 8 patients with osteoradionecrosis for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and the scans were clear; the fluorescence intensity of fresh bone wounds with an expanded mandibular resection range of (0.95 ± 0.14) cm was (226.2 ± 15.8) au, which was higher than that based on intraoperative macroscopic observation and radiological results (108.8 ± 3.4) au, (t = 20.718, P<0.001). The postoperative follow-up improvement rate of 8 patients was 87.5%.@* Conclusion @#Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green can assist in the successful removal of necrotic bone until fresh bleeding of the jaw wound occurs, which has important clinical value in defining the resection range of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw.
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In this study, a surface electromyography (sEMG) and blood oxygen signal real-time monitoring system is designed to explore the changes of physiological signals during muscle fatigue, so as to detect muscle fatigue. The analysis method of sEMG and the principle of blood oxygen detection are respectively introduced, and the system scheme is expounded. The hardware part of the system takes STM32 as the core. Conditioning module composition; blood oxygen signal acquisition is based on near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), specifically including light source, light source driving, photoelectric conversion, signal conditioning and other modules. The system software part is based on the real-time uC/OS-III software system. The characteristic parameters of sEMG were extracted by isometric contraction local muscle fatigue experiment; the relative changes of oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) were calculated in the forearm blocking experiment, thereby verifying that the system collects two signals effectiveness.
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Muscle, Skeletal , Oxygen , Electromyography , Muscle Fatigue/physiology , ComputersABSTRACT
Abstract Objectives: Sitting position (SP) or prone position (PP) are used for posterior fossa surgery. The SP induced reduction in cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) has been shown in shoulder surgeries, but there is not enough data in intracranial tumor surgery. Studies showed that PP is safe in terms of cerebral oxygen saturation in patients undergoing spinal surgery. Our hypothesis is that the SP may improve cerebral oxygenation in the patients with intracranial pathologies due to reduction in intracranial pressure. Therefore, we compared the effects of the SP and PP on rSO2 in patients undergoing posterior fossa tumor surgery. Methods: Data were collected patients undergoing posterior fossa surgery, 20 patients in SP compared to 21 patients in PP. The rSO2 was assessed using INVOS monitor. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), EtCO2, BIS, and bilateral rSO2 were recorded preoperatively, and at 5, 8, and 11 minutes after the intubation and every 3 minutes after patient positioning until the initial surgical incision. Results: Cerebral oxygenation slowly reduced in both the sitting and prone position patients following the positioning (p < 0.002), without any difference between the groups. The HR and MAP were lower in the sitting SP after positioning compared to the PP. Conclusion: Neurosurgery in the SP and PP is associated with slight reduction in cerebral oxygenation. We speculate that if we rise the lower limit of MAP, we might have showed the beneficial effect of the SP on rSO2.
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ObjectiveTo explore the current status and frontier hotspots of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in the field of stroke. MethodsRelevant literature on stroke and fNIRS from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database was searched from its inception to July, 2023. VOSviewer, CiteSpace and Scimago were utilized for analysis of publication output, countries (regions) and institutions, international collaboration, co-cited references, co-occurring keywords and burst keywords. ResultsA total of 379 articles were included. The research activity in this field showed an overall upward trend with slight fluctuations in the early stage. Among the top five institutions by publication output, four were from China. Co-occurrence analysis revealed that Beihang University and Boston Children's Hospital were central in collaboration networks. This study involved 1 787 authors, with 120 core authors, in which the top five most cited authors were Li Zengyong, Li Wenhao, Huo Congcong, Dou Zulin and Song Ying. The publications in this field were primarily concentrated in disciplines such as neurology, psychiatry, ophthalmology and clinical medicine. Overlay visualization of journal co-citation networks demonstrated associations between medical, clinical, and neurology disciplines with psychology, education, and sociology. Co-occurrence and clustering analysis of keywords indicated research emphasis on stroke rehabilitation, integration of multiple technical modalities, and exploration of innovative training strategies and brain activation connectivity. The research evolution of fNIRS in the stroke domain revealed initial use of photodiode devices for cerebral ischemia reperfusion monitoring. Subsequent studies refined cortical activation through improved laser sources, avalanche photodiodes, single-task experimental designs and transcranial direct current stimulation. Later, research extended to whole-brain detection, multimodal stimulation and the combination of virtual reality technology with audiovisual stimulation, resulting in significantly enhanced brain activation. The application of brain-computer interface technology further facilitated direct restoration of motor function. ConclusionResearches in the field of stroke using fNIRS technology overall demonstrat a continuous upward trend. The researches focuse on post-stroke rehabilitation, integrating multimodal fusion, brain-computer interfaces, virtual reality, and sensory stimulation for real-time monitoring and personalized neurorehabilitation training strategies. It emphasizes interdisciplinary collaboration, expanding innovative research and the application of new technologies.
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The modernization and development of traditional Chinese medicine has led to higher standards for the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products. The extraction process is a crucial component of traditional Chinese medicine production, and it directly impacts the final quality of the product. However, the currently relied upon methods for quality assurance of the extraction process, such as simple wet chemical analysis, have several limitations, including time consumption and labor intensity, and do not offer precise control of the extraction process. As a result, there is significant value in incorporating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in the production process of traditional Chinese medicine to improve the quality control of the final products. In this study, we focused on the extraction process of Xiao'er Xiaoji Zhike oral liquid (XXZOL), using near-infrared spectra collected by both a Fourier transform near-infrared spectrometer and a portable near-infrared spectrometer. We used the concentration of synephrine, a quality control index component specified by the pharmacopoeia, to achieve rapid and accurate detection in the extraction process. Moreover, we developed a model transfer method to facilitate the transfer of models between the two types of near-infrared spectrometers (analytical grade and portable), thus resolving the low resolution, poor performance, and insufficient prediction accuracy issues of portable instruments. Our findings enable the rapid screening and quality analysis of XXZOL onsite, which is significant for quality monitoring during the traditional Chinese medicine production process.
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ObjectiveTo study the effect of upper limb robot-assisted therapy on upper limb function and cerebral cortex activation in stroke patients using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). MethodsFrom January, 2022 to January, 2023, 32 stroke patients in Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center were randomly divided into control group (n = 16) and experimental group (n = 16). Both groups received routine neurological medication and routine rehabilitation. The control group received routine upper limb exercises, the experimental group received upper limb robot-assisted therapy. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE) and fNIRS (oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, and total hemoglobin) before and four weeks after treatment. NIRS_SPM was used for activation analysis, Homer2 was used for blood oxygen concentration analysis. ResultsAfter treatment, the score of FMA-UE increased in both groups (|t| > 5.910, P < 0.001), and was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t = -2.348, P < 0.05). fNIRS activation results showed that, the activation increased in the experimental group after treatment in channel 17 (F = 9.354, P < 0.01), and it was more than that in the control group (F = 5.217, P < 0.05). fNIRS blood oxygen concentration results showed that, the blood oxygen concentration increased in the experimental group after treatment in channel 17 (F = 12.179, P < 0.01), and it was more than that in the control group (F = 4.883, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe upper limb robot-assisted therapy can improve the upper limb motor function and cerebral cortex activation of stroke patients.
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ObjectiveTo explore the neuromuscular control mechanism of training strategies based on mirror neuron system (MNS): action observation (AO), action execution (AE) and action imitation (AO+AE) using functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and surface electromyography (sEMG). MethodsFrom July, 2022 to February, 2023, 64 healthy adults were asked to finish four tasks: watching landscape video (control), watching landscape video and acting right wrist and hand extension (AE), watching right wrist and hand extension video (AO), and watching right wrist and hand extension video and acting right wrist and hand extension (AO+AE). A block design was adopted, five times a task in a block, eight cycles, random orders in videos and tasks. The activation of each channel and regions of interest (ROI, namely BA40, BA44, BA45, BA46, BA6 and BA7) in left MNS regions was detected with fNIRS synchronously, as well as the average electromyography (AEMG) of extensor digitorum and extensor carpi radialis with sEMG. ResultsCompared with the control condition, MNS activated in AO, AE and AO+AE conditions, and the intensities mildly increased in turn. Compared with the control condition, 15 channels activated in AO condition, 15 channels activated in AE condition, and all 20 channels activated in AO+AE condition; and the activation intensities of most channels were AO+AE > AE > AO. Four ROI, BA40, BA46, BA6 and BA7, activated in AO condition, all the six ROI activated in AE and AO+AE conditions, and the activation intensities of most ROI were AO+AE > AE > AO. The standardized AEMG of extensor digitorum and extensor carpi radialis were higher in AO+AE condition than in AE condition (|t| > 4.24, P < 0.001). ConclusionMNS has been activated during action observation, execution and imitation, and the ranges and intensities of activation increase in turn. The target muscles activate more during imitation than during execution. Synchronous application of fNIRS and sEMG is feasible in the study of neural mechanism of rehabilitation strategies based on mirror neuron theory.
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ObjectiveTo explore the characteristics of balance and cortical activation in older adults when performing cognition-balance dual tasks. MethodsFrom January to April, 2023, 20 healthy older adults were non-targeted recruited. They completed six tasks of close eyes & fixed platform (CF), close eyes & fixed platform & cognitive task (CFc), open eyes & sway-referenced platform (OS), open eyes & sway-referenced platform & cognitive task (OSc), close eyes & sway-referenced platform (CS), and close eyes & sway-referenced platform & cognitive task (CSc) on the Balance SD, wearing functional near-infrared spectroscopy caps. The overal stability index (OSI) was measured with Balance SD. The premotor cortex (PMC), sensorimotor cortex (SMC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were as regions of interest (ROIs), and the β values were calculated. ResultsThe OSI was more as CFc than as CF (Z = -2.014, P < 0.05), and was less as CSc than as CS (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). The β values of bilateral ROIs were all more as CFc than as CF (|Z| > 2.464, |t| > 3.733, P < 0.05), and as OSc than as OS (|t| > 2.308, P < 0.05); the β value of the right SMC was more as CSc than as CS (t = -2.912, P < 0.05). The number of correct counts was less as CSc than as CFc and OSc (|Z| > 3.643, P < 0.001). ConclusionBalance has been impaired under dual tasks for older adults, while activation of cerebral cortex increases. However, for more difficult balance task, older adults would preferentially maintain postural balance under dual tasks, while cognitive performance decreases, which may be the results from no more activation of cerebral cortex under dual tasks.
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ObjectiveTo summarize the current situation, hot spots and frontiers of the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in rehabilitation in recent ten years. MethodsLiterature related to the application of fNIRS in rehabilitation was retrieved from the core collection of Web of Science from January, 2003 to December, 2022, and the visualized analysis was performed by CiteSpace 6.1.R6 software. ResultsA total of 828 literatures were included. The annual publication volume was on the rise. The most prolific author was LI Zengyong. The most published country was the United States. And the most published institution was Karolinska Institute. Hot keywords included children, stroke, activation, quality of life, cerebral palsy, etc. The hot keywords of bursting intensity included early intervention, speech perception, cerebral palsy, plasticity, spinal cord injury, physical therapy, visual feedback, Parkinson's disease, etc. Cluster analysis suggested that in the past decade, the application of fNIRS in rehabilitation involved physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, pre-rehabilitation and early rehabilitation of surgery, mainly focusing on six themes: the rehabilitation of motor dysfunction after stroke, cognitive impairment, hearing and speech dysfunction, children with cerebral palsy, cardiopulmonary function monitoring in severe diseases and long-term nursing of chronic diseases. Among them, the application of fNIRS in neurological rehabilitation of stroke patients occupied a large proportion, which might be the current research hot spot and trend. ConclusionThe application of fNIRS in rehabilitation is on the rise. In the future, more attention should be paid to the application of fNIRS in the study of the injury and recovery mechanism of neurological disorders, especially the effects of various rehabilitation interventions on cortical plasticity and the etiology of neurological disorders.